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Adeline E. Knapp (March 14, 1860 – c. June 1909) was an American journalist, author, social activist, environmentalist and educator, who is today remembered largely for her tempestuous lesbian relationship with Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In her lifetime, Knapp was known as a fixture of the turn-of-the-century San Francisco Bay Area literary scene. An outspoken writer who often addressed controversial topics in her columns for the ''San Francisco Call'', Knapp wrote on a wide range of subjects from livestock to the Annexation of Hawaii. Though often drawn to progressive causes like child labor and conservation, Knapp also tended to espouse reactionary views, as evidenced by her anti-Chinese sentiments and criticisms of the women's suffrage movement. At a time when many American women were joining the movement to extend political and voting rights to women, Knapp spoke in state senate hearings in New York expressing doubts about the benefits of suffrage to women, and she allowed her speeches and letters on the topic to be used as propaganda by the anti-suffragism movement. Knapp was also the author of numerous short stories, as well as a novel set in the Arizona desert—works reflecting her outdoor enthusiast sensibilities, keen intellect, and interest in Western regionalism. These works, though praised in her lifetime, today have few readers among enthusiasts of Western fiction. ==Early years== Adeline Knapp was born on March 14, 1860 in Buffalo, New York to Lyman and Adeline (née Maxwell) Knapp.〔1860 Census: Buffalo Ward 2, Erie, New York; Roll M653_745; Page: 257; Image: 257; Family History Library Film: 803745.〕 She was one of nine children born to this family. Knapp was named after her mother, Adeline. In order to distinguish between the two women, Knapp was given the nickname of Dellie, which was used during her childhood. Throughout her adult life, though, she was known simply as "Delle" to her family and friends.〔Tenth Census of the United States, 1880. Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C.Year: 1880; Census Place: Buffalo, Erie, New York; Roll 831; Family History Film: 1254831; Page: 258A; Enumeration District: 166; Image: 0522.〕〔Gilman, Charlotte Perkins and Denise D. Knight. ''The Diaries of Charlotte Perkins Gilman.'' The New England Quarterly, Vol. 70, No. 1 (Mar., 1997), pp. 134–138.〕 As a young child, when she wasn't spending time with the family's horses, Knapp showed a strong interest in writing. When she was only eight years old, she wrote short poems and stories to entertain her friends. Then when she was 14 years of age, she published a volume of her writing. She also published her own four-page, 12-column newspaper, entitled ''The Queen City Enterprise.'' As a monthly newspaper, it flourished for nearly two years and gave her the first taste of life in journalism. This was considered a huge accomplishment for young women at her age. She continued on while publishing the ''Aspirant'' in Buffalo and became widely known as a poetess. In 1877, she became a member of the National Amateur Press Association. While she often expressed an interest to one day pursue a career in medicine, it was also thought by her family that she would most likely end up pursuing a career in journalism.〔''The Evening Telegram'', St. John's, Newfoundland, October 25, 1892. Vol. 14. No. 229. p. 2〕 While Knapp's mother had never worked outside of the home, her father, Lyman Knapp, was a highly respected and hard-working man in the Buffalo community. In 1835, Mr. Knapp arrived in Buffalo via Hudson and began working in the wholesale and retail grocery business. After just a few years, he became a partner in a distilling business. For years, he was a senior member of the brokerage firm of Knapp & Gillett. For several years, he was also Chief Engineer with the Volunteer Fire Department. And finally, he was active in founding the Fireman's Benevolent Association, and assisted in organizing the first Water Works Company. The family was considerably financially secure.〔Internal Revenue Assessment Lists for New York and New Jersey, 1862–1866; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M603, 217 rolls); Records of the Internal Revenue Service, Record Group 58; National Archives, Washington, D.C.〕 Knapp's parents instilled a strong work ethic in the lives of their children. By the age of 17, while continuing to live at the family home with her parents, young Adeline felt compelled to begin making her own way in life. She began seeking employment and soon started working in a large mercantile house. For seven years, she set aside her journalistic pursuits and worked diligently in the mercantile. However, at the age of 24, opportunity in the form of the ''Buffalo Christian Advocate'' came knocking and she began working as an associate editor for the local news journal.〔 Not to be outdone by her father and his numerous pursuits, in addition to working at the ''Advocate'', Knapp also began attending school at the University at Buffalo studying medicine. Her educational career lasted for three years, before she made the decision to leave Buffalo and head for California. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Adeline Knapp」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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